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- Medically Reviewed by Mr Mfazo Hove Consultant Ophthalmologist
- Author: Chris Dunnington
- Published: December 17, 2024
At Blue Fin Vision® Eye Clinic in London, we provide expert care for a wide range of eye conditions. One such condition is cystoid macular oedema (CMO), a common cause of vision impairment that can occur due to various underlying factors, including eye surgery. Understanding this condition, its causes, symptoms, and treatment options is crucial for maintaining optimal eye health and ensuring timely intervention.
Understanding Cystoid Macular Oedema
Cystoid macular oedema refers to the swelling or thickening of the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision. This swelling occurs due to the accumulation of fluid in cyst-like spaces within the macula. The condition can affect your ability to read, drive, or recognise faces, significantly impacting your quality of life.
Although it can develop for several reasons, cystoid macular oedema is most associated with inflammation or disruption of the blood-retinal barrier. This barrier normally prevents fluid from leaking into the retina; when compromised, fluid accumulates in the macula, leading to swelling and vision changes.
Causes of Cystoid Macular Oedema
Cystoid macular oedema can arise from a variety of underlying conditions or events. Some of the most common causes include:
- Cataract Surgery: Post-surgical inflammation following cataract surgery is one of the leading causes of cystoid macular oedema. This specific form is often referred to as Irvine-Gass syndrome.
- Diabetes: Diabetic retinopathy can lead to fluid leakage and swelling in the macula.
- Retinal Vein Occlusion: Blockages in retinal veins can increase pressure and fluid accumulation in the retina.
- Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD): A degenerative condition that affects the macula and may contribute to oedema.
- Uveitis: Inflammation within the eye can disrupt the blood-retinal barrier and lead to cystoid macular oedema.
- Eye Injuries: Trauma to the eye may damage retinal structures and cause swelling.
- Medication Side Effects: Certain medications, such as prostaglandin analogues used for glaucoma treatment, may increase the risk of developing cystoid macular oedema.
Understanding the underlying cause is critical for effective treatment and management.
Symptoms of Cystoid Macular Oedema
The symptoms of cystoid macular oedema can vary depending on its severity and underlying cause. Common symptoms include:
- Blurred or Distorted Vision: Central vision may appear blurry or wavy.
- Changes in Colour Perception: Colours may appear faded or less vibrant.
- Difficulty with Detailed Tasks: Activities like reading or recognising faces may become challenging.
In some cases, particularly in its early stages, cystoid macular oedema may not cause noticeable symptoms. Regular eye examinations are therefore essential for early detection.
Diagnosis of Cystoid Macular Oedema
At Blue Fin Vision® Eye Clinic in London, we use advanced diagnostic techniques to confirm a diagnosis of cystoid macular oedema. These include:
- Dilated Retinal Examination: A detailed examination of the retina using specialised lenses to identify swelling or cyst-like spaces in the macula.
- Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): A non-invasive imaging technique that provides high-resolution cross-sectional images of the retina, allowing us to measure its thickness and detect fluid accumulation.
- Fluorescein Angiography: A diagnostic test that uses a special dye injected into a vein to highlight blood vessels in the retina and detect any leakage.
These diagnostic tools help us determine the extent of the condition and guide treatment decisions.
Treatment Options for Cystoid Macular Oedema
At Blue Fin Vision® Eye Clinic, we prioritise the prevention and effective treatment of cystoid macular oedema (CMO) following cataract or lens replacement surgery. Our approach combines proactive preventive measures with evidence-based treatments tailored to each patient’s needs.
Our Proactive Approach
We believe in taking strong preventive measures to safeguard our patients’ vision:
- Extended Anti-Inflammatory Regimen: All our surgery patients receive a minimum of 6 weeks of both steroid and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drops.
- Personalised Care: For high-risk patients, we extend this regimen as needed.
- Proven Effectiveness: This potent combination has resulted in zero cases of post-operative CMO in our patients.
- Comprehensive Care: We provide all necessary drops for the duration of treatment, included in our service.
Our commitment to patient care extends beyond the operating room. We prioritise the best possible care over cost considerations, ensuring that if we operate on you, we look after you comprehensively.
Treatment Approaches
If CMO does develop, we offer a range of treatment options:
- Medications
- Anti-inflammatory Drugs: Corticosteroids are commonly used to reduce inflammation and swelling. These may be administered as:
- Eye drops
- Oral medications
- Intravitreal injections (injected directly into the eye)
- Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): Often prescribed following cataract surgery to manage inflammation and prevent cystoid macular oedema.
- Anti-VEGF Injections: These drugs target vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which promotes abnormal blood vessel growth and leakage. Anti-VEGF therapy is particularly effective for diabetic retinopathy or retinal vein occlusion-related oedema.
- Vitrectomy Surgery
In cases where vitreous traction on the retina contributes to cystoid macular oedema, vitrectomy surgery may be performed. This procedure involves removing the vitreous gel from inside the eye to relieve traction and reduce swelling.
- Treating Underlying Conditions
Addressing any underlying conditions such as diabetes or uveitis is essential for long-term management and prevention of recurrence.
At Blue Fin Vision®, our comprehensive approach to CMO management, from prevention to treatment, ensures the best possible outcomes for our patients. We’re committed to preserving your vision and providing exceptional care throughout your surgical journey.
Prognosis
The prognosis for cystoid macular oedema largely depends on its cause and how promptly it is treated. Most patients respond well to treatment, with significant improvements in vision once swelling subsides. However, if left untreated or if it becomes chronic, cystoid macular oedema can lead to permanent central vision loss.
At Blue Fin Vision® Eye Clinic, we emphasise early detection and intervention to achieve the best possible outcomes for our patients.
Preventing Cystoid Macular Oedema
While it’s not always possible to prevent cystoid macular oedema entirely, certain measures can reduce your risk:
- Attending regular eye examinations
- Managing systemic conditions like diabetes effectively
- Following postoperative care instructions after cataract surgery
- Reporting any changes in vision promptly
Our team at Blue Fin Vision® Eye Clinic provides personalised advice on maintaining eye health and preventing complications like cystoid macular oedema.
Why Choose Blue Fin Vision® Eye Clinic?
As a leading eye clinic in London, Blue Fin Vision® combines state-of-the-art technology with compassionate care to provide comprehensive diagnosis and treatment for conditions like cystoid macular oedema. Our experienced ophthalmologists are dedicated to preserving your vision through tailored treatment plans designed around your individual needs.
If you’re experiencing changes in your vision or have concerns about your eye health, don’t wait – schedule an appointment with us today. Let us help you protect your sight with expert care you can trust.
Your vision deserves nothing less than excellence – trust Blue Fin Vision® Eye Clinic in London for all your eye care needs.
