Limbal stem cell deficiency occurs when the cells that normally renew the corneal surface are damaged or lost.
Why limbal stem cells matter
These cells sit in a ring at the edge of the cornea called the limbus. When they fail, the surface cannot repair properly, leading to pain, clouding, and blood vessels growing onto the cornea.
- Common causes include chemical burns, severe inflammation, or genetic conditions
- Patients may notice chronic redness, light sensitivity, and reduced vision
- The surface can become irregular, causing constant discomfort
- Repeated breakdown of the epithelium raises infection risk
Specialist treatment options
Limbal stem cell deficiency is complex and usually managed in a tertiary corneal clinic. The aim is to restore a healthy surface and maintain comfort as much as possible.
- Treatment may include lubricants, bandage lenses, and control of inflammation
- Surgery can transplant limbal stem cells from the patient or a donor
- Long-term follow-up is needed to watch for rejection or recurrence
- Protective eyewear and avoiding further chemical injury are important
