- Medically Reviewed by Mr Mfazo Hove Consultant Ophthalmologist
- Author: Chris Dunnington
- Published: February 28, 2025
At Blue Fin Vision® Eye Clinic on London’s prestigious Harley Street, we often encounter patients concerned about changes in their eye colour, particularly the yellowing of the whites of the eyes. This comprehensive guide will explore the causes, symptoms, and treatments for yellow eyes, a condition that can be a sign of various underlying health issues.
Understanding Yellow Eyes
Yellow eyes, medically known as conjunctival icterus, occur when the whites of the eyes (sclera) take on a yellowish tint. This discolouration is often a sign of jaundice, a condition where there’s an excess of bilirubin in the blood. While yellow eyes can be alarming, understanding their meaning and potential causes is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Important Distinction: It’s essential to differentiate between yellow (jaundiced) eyes and naturally pigmented eyes. Some individuals may have a slight yellow or amber tint to their eyes due to genetic factors or natural pigmentation. This is different from the yellowing associated with jaundice, which affects the whites of the eyes.
Causes of Yellow Eyes
There are several reasons why you might experience yellowing of the whites of the eyes. Some of the most common causes include:
- Liver Dysfunction
The liver plays a crucial role in processing bilirubin. When it’s not functioning correctly, bilirubin can build up in the blood, leading to jaundice and yellow eyes. Conditions that can affect liver function include:
- Hepatitis (A, B, or C)
- Cirrhosis
- Alcoholic liver disease
- Gallbladder Issues
Problems with the gallbladder or bile ducts can obstruct the flow of bile, causing a buildup of bilirubin. This can result in:
- Gallstones
- Bile duct inflammation or blockage
- Blood Disorders
Certain blood conditions can lead to the rapid breakdown of red blood cells, releasing more bilirubin than the liver can process. These include:
- Haemolytic anaemia
- Sickle cell disease
- Pancreatic Problems
Conditions affecting the pancreas, such as pancreatitis or pancreatic cancer, can interfere with bile production and flow, potentially causing yellow eyes.
- Medications
Some medications can cause slightly yellow eyes in adults as a side effect. These may include:
- Acetaminophen (when taken in excess)
- Penicillins
- Oral contraceptives
- Anabolic steroids
- Rare Genetic Disorders
Certain genetic conditions can affect how the body processes bilirubin, leading to yellow eyes. These are typically diagnosed in childhood but can persist into adulthood.
Symptoms Associated with Yellow Eyes
While yellowing of the whites of the eyes is the primary symptom, it’s often accompanied by other signs that can help determine the underlying cause:
- Skin discolouration: The skin may also take on a yellowish tint, particularly noticeable in fair-skinned individuals.
- Itching: Some people experience itchy skin along with yellow eyes.
- Abdominal pain: Depending on the cause, there may be discomfort in the upper right abdomen.
- Fatigue: Feeling unusually tired or weak is common with liver problems.
- Dark urine: Urine may appear darker than usual due to excess bilirubin.
- Pale stools: Stools may become lighter in colour if bile flow is obstructed.
Diagnosing the Cause of Yellow Eyes
At Blue Fin Vision® Eye Clinic in London, our expert ophthalmologists use a variety of diagnostic tools to determine the cause for yellow eyes:
- Comprehensive eye examination: To assess the extent of yellowing and rule out other eye conditions.
- Blood tests: To measure bilirubin levels and check liver function.
- Imaging studies: Ultrasounds, CT scans, or MRIs may be used to examine the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.
- Liver biopsy: In some cases, a small sample of liver tissue may be needed for analysis.
Treatment Options for Yellow Eyes
The treatment for yellow eyes depends on the underlying cause. Here are some common approaches:
Treating Liver Conditions
- Antiviral medications for hepatitis
- Lifestyle changes, including reducing alcohol consumption
- Managing underlying conditions like diabetes or obesity
Addressing Gallbladder Issues
- Surgical removal of gallstones
- Procedures to clear blocked bile ducts
Managing Blood Disorders
- Medications to treat anaemia
- Blood transfusions in severe cases
Pancreatic Treatment
- Medications to manage pancreatitis
- Surgical interventions for pancreatic cancer
Medication Adjustments
If yellow eyes are a side effect of medication, your doctor may adjust your dosage or prescribe an alternative.
Lifestyle Changes and Home Remedies
While medical treatment is often necessary, certain lifestyle changes can support liver health and potentially improve yellow eyes:
- Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of water to help flush toxins from your system.
- Eat a balanced diet: Focus on fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins.
- Limit alcohol consumption: Reduce or eliminate alcohol intake to support liver function.
- Exercise regularly: Physical activity can help improve overall health and liver function.
- Avoid toxins: Minimise exposure to chemicals and toxins that can strain the liver.
When to Seek Medical Attention
If you notice yellowing of the whites of your eyes, it’s important to seek medical attention promptly. While slightly yellow eyes in adults can sometimes be harmless, it’s often a sign of an underlying condition that requires treatment.
Why Choose Blue Fin Vision® for Eye Care?
At Blue Fin Vision® Eye Clinic on Harley Street, London, we offer:
- Expert diagnosis: Our experienced ophthalmologists use state-of-the-art technology for accurate diagnosis.
- Comprehensive care: We work closely with other specialists to ensure you receive holistic treatment.
- Personalised treatment plans: We tailor our approach to each patient’s unique needs.
- Ongoing support: We provide continuous care and follow-up to monitor your eye health.
Conclusion
Yellow eyes can be a concerning symptom, but with proper diagnosis and treatment, many underlying causes can be effectively managed. If you’ve noticed any changes in the colour of your eyes, don’t hesitate to contact Blue Fin Vision® Eye Clinic in London. Our team of expert ophthalmologists is here to provide the highest standard of care and help you maintain optimal eye health.
Remember, your eyes are not just windows to your soul – they can also be windows to your overall health. Trust the experts at Blue Fin Vision® to provide comprehensive, compassionate care for all your eye health needs.
