- Medically Reviewed by Mr Mfazo Hove Consultant Ophthalmologist
- Author: Chris Dunnington
- Published: May 1, 2025
Dacryolithiasis refers to the formation of stones – known as dacryoliths or tear stones – within the lacrimal (tear drainage) system. Although uncommon, dacryolithiasis is a significant cause of blocked tear ducts and persistent eye discomfort. At Blue Fin Vision® Eye Clinic, with clinics in London, Chelmsford, and Hatfield, our team is highly experienced in diagnosing and removing dacryoliths, helping restore healthy tear drainage and long-term comfort.
Understanding Dacryolithiasis
The lacrimal system is responsible for draining tears from the eye into the nose. Dacryoliths are small, stone-like deposits that form within the tear drainage passages – most often in the lacrimal sac or nasolacrimal duct. These stones can obstruct the normal flow of tears, leading to a range of uncomfortable symptoms and increasing the risk of infection.
Causes of Dacryolithiasis
Dacryoliths develop when debris, mucus, or inflammatory material accumulates in the tear duct system and gradually hardens. Contributing factors include:
- Chronic inflammation or infection of the tear ducts
- Poor tear drainage due to anatomical narrowing or previous injury
- Long-standing tear duct blockages
- Age-related changes in the tear drainage system
- Underlying medical conditions that increase mucus production
Over time, these materials calcify and form small stones that further obstruct tear flow.
Symptoms of Dacryolithiasis
The presence of tear duct stones often leads to classic symptoms of a blocked tear duct, such as:
- Persistent watery eyes (epiphora)
- Recurrent eye infections or episodes of painful swelling near the inner corner of the eye
- Redness and tenderness at the side of the nose
- Discharge or pus from the inner eye corner, especially when pressing the area
- Crusting of the eyelids upon waking
- Blurred vision if infection or swelling is significant
These symptoms can significantly affect daily comfort and may worsen if left untreated.
When to Suspect Dacryolithiasis
Dacryolithiasis should be considered if:
- Symptoms persist despite standard treatment for blocked tear ducts
- There are repeated infections of the tear sac (dacryocystitis)
- Imaging or probing of the tear duct reveals a firm obstruction
Diagnosing Dacryolithiasis
At Blue Fin Vision® Eye Clinic, diagnosis begins with a thorough history and examination. Our specialists may recommend:
- Gentle pressure over the lacrimal sac to check for discharge or palpable stones
- Dye tests to assess tear drainage
- Imaging (such as dacryocystography or ultrasound) to visualise the location and size of dacryoliths
- Probing and irrigation to confirm the presence of a physical blockage
Accurate diagnosis is essential for planning effective treatment and preventing complications.
Treatment: Removal of Dacryoliths
The mainstay of treatment for dacryolithiasis is the removal of dacryoliths. At Blue Fin Vision®, we offer a range of advanced options tailored to each patient’s needs:
Non-Surgical Techniques
- In some cases, very small stones may be flushed out during probing and irrigation of the tear duct.
- This approach is generally reserved for mild blockages and is performed under local anaesthetic.
Surgical Removal
- For most patients, especially when stones are large or recurrent, a minor surgical procedure is required.
- This may involve a small incision near the inner corner of the eye (external approach) or an endoscopic procedure through the nose.
- The stone is carefully removed, and the duct is cleared to restore normal tear flow.
Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR)
- If the tear duct is severely damaged or repeatedly blocked, a dacryocystorhinostomy may be recommended.
- This surgery creates a new drainage pathway between the tear sac and the nasal cavity, permanently bypassing the obstruction and reducing the risk of future stone formation.
Antibiotics and Aftercare
- If infection is present, antibiotics are prescribed before and after the procedure.
- Regular follow-up is essential to ensure proper healing and prevent recurrence.
Why Choose Blue Fin Vision® Eye Clinic for Dacryolithiasis Care?
- Specialist expertise: Our ophthalmologists are highly experienced in diagnosing and treating all forms of tear duct obstruction, including dacryolithiasis.
- Comprehensive care: From initial assessment to advanced imaging and surgery, you receive seamless, personalised care at every stage.
- State-of-the-art facilities: Our eye clinics in London, Chelmsford, and Hatfield are equipped with the latest technology for precise diagnosis and minimally invasive treatment.
- Compassionate support: We understand the impact of chronic eye discomfort and are committed to restoring your comfort and confidence.
Take Action: Restore Comfort and Eye Health
If you are experiencing symptoms of a blocked tear duct, recurrent infections, or suspect you may have dacryolithiasis, early intervention is key. The removal of dacryoliths can provide lasting relief and prevent further complications.
Book a consultation at Blue Fin Vision® Eye Clinic in London, Chelmsford, or Hatfield today.
Trust your eye health to our expert team and experience the reassurance of specialist care for tear duct stones.
