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- Medically Reviewed by Mr Mfazo Hove Consultant Ophthalmologist
- Author: Chris Dunnington
- Published: November 18, 2024
At Blue Fin Vision®, our premier eye clinic in London, we often encounter patients with various retinal conditions. One such condition that can significantly impact vision is branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore what BRVO is, its causes, symptoms, and the cutting-edge treatments available.
Understanding Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion
Branch retinal vein occlusion refers to the obstruction of one of the smaller veins that drain blood from the retina. The retina, a light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye, requires a constant supply of oxygenated blood to function properly. When a branch of the retinal vein becomes blocked, it can lead to reduced vision and other complications.
Key Facts About BRVO
- It’s the most common type of retinal vein occlusion.
- Typically affects one quadrant of the retina.
- Can occur in one or both eyes, though usually one eye at a time.
- More common in people over 50 but can occur at any age.
Causes and Risk Factors
Understanding the causes of BRVO is crucial for prevention and management. While the exact cause isn’t always clear, several factors can increase the risk:
Primary Risk Factors
- Age: The risk increases significantly after age 50.
- Hypertension: High blood pressure is a major risk factor.
- Atherosclerosis: Hardening of the arteries can compress nearby veins.
- Diabetes: This condition can damage blood vessels throughout the body.
- Glaucoma: Increased pressure in the eye can affect blood flow.
Other Contributing Factors
- Smoking
- High cholesterol levels
- Obesity
- Blood disorders that increase clotting
- Certain inflammatory conditions
At Blue Fin Vision®, our experienced ophthalmologists conduct thorough assessments to identify any underlying conditions that may contribute to BRVO.
The Mechanism of BRVO
BRVO typically occurs at an arteriovenous crossing, where a retinal artery crosses over a retinal vein. At these crossings:
- The artery and vein share a common adventitial sheath.
- The thicker-walled artery is usually anterior to the thinner-walled vein.
- Arteriosclerosis can increase the rigidity of the artery.
This anatomical arrangement can lead to compression of the vein by the artery, causing turbulent blood flow, endothelial damage, and eventually, thrombus formation.
Symptoms of Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion
Recognising the symptoms of BRVO is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment. Common signs include:
- Sudden, painless vision loss or blurring in part of one eye.
- Distorted vision (straight lines appearing wavy).
- Dark areas or ‘floaters’ in the field of vision.
- Difficulty reading or seeing fine detail.
It’s important to note that BRVO can sometimes occur without noticeable symptoms, especially if it affects the peripheral retina. This underscores the importance of regular eye check-ups, especially for those at higher risk.
Diagnosis of Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion
At our London eye clinic, we use state-of-the-art diagnostic tools to accurately identify and assess BRVO:
- Dilated Eye Examination: This allows our specialists to thoroughly examine the retina and its blood vessels.
- Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): This non-invasive imaging test provides detailed cross-sectional images of the retina, helping to assess macular oedema.
- Fluorescein Angiography: A special dye is injected into the arm, which then travels to the eye’s blood vessels, allowing us to identify any blockages or leaks.
- Visual Field Test: This helps determine the extent of vision loss and which areas of vision are affected.
Early diagnosis is key to preventing further vision loss and implementing effective treatment strategies.
Complications of BRVO
If left untreated, BRVO can lead to several complications:
- Macular Oedema: Swelling in the central part of the retina, which can cause significant vision loss.
- Neovascularisation: Growth of abnormal new blood vessels, which can lead to further complications.
- Vitreous Haemorrhage: Bleeding into the gel-like substance that fills the eye.
- Retinal Detachment: In severe cases, the retina may detach from the back of the eye.
Treatment Options for Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion
While there’s no cure for BRVO, several treatments can help manage the condition and prevent further vision loss. At Blue Fin Vision®, we offer a range of advanced treatments tailored to each patient’s specific needs:
- Intravitreal Injections
- Anti-VEGF Drugs: Medications such as aflibercept (Eylea), ranibizumab (Lucentis), bevacizumab (Avastin), or faricimab-svoa (Vabysmo), help reduce macular oedema and improve vision.
- Corticosteroids: These can help reduce inflammation and macular oedema.
- Laser Therapy
- Focal Laser Treatment: This can help reduce macular oedema.
- Pan-Retinal Photocoagulation: Used in cases where abnormal blood vessels have developed.
- Management of Underlying Conditions
- Controlling hypertension, diabetes, and other contributing factors is crucial for preventing further occurrences.
- Monitoring and Follow-Up
- Regular check-ups are essential to monitor the condition and adjust treatment as necessary.
Living with Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion
While BRVO can be a challenging diagnosis, many patients maintain good vision with proper management. Here are some tips for living with BRVO:
- Attend Regular Check-ups: Consistent monitoring is crucial for managing the condition effectively.
- Manage Underlying Health Conditions: Keep blood pressure, diabetes, and cholesterol under control.
- Adopt a Healthy Lifestyle: Regular exercise, a balanced diet, and quitting smoking can all contribute to better eye health.
- Use Visual Aids: If needed, various devices can help with daily tasks affected by vision changes.
Prevention of Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion
While not all cases of BRVO can be prevented, certain measures can reduce your risk:
- Regular Eye Exams: Early detection of risk factors can prevent BRVO.
- Control Chronic Conditions: Manage hypertension, diabetes, and high cholesterol.
- Maintain a Healthy Weight: Obesity is linked to several BRVO risk factors.
- Stay Active: Regular exercise promotes overall cardiovascular health.
- Quit Smoking: This can significantly reduce your risk of BRVO and other eye conditions.
Why Choose Blue Fin Vision® for BRVO Care?
At Blue Fin Vision®, our London eye clinic offers:
- Expert Care: Our team of specialist ophthalmologists are leaders in diagnosing and treating retinal vein occlusions.
- Advanced Technology: We use the latest diagnostic and treatment technologies for optimal outcomes.
- Personalised Treatment: Each patient receives a tailored care plan based on their specific condition and needs.
- Comprehensive Support: From diagnosis through to long-term management, we provide continuous care and support.
- Convenient Location: Our clinic is easily accessible in central London.
Conclusion: Taking Control of Your Eye Health
Branch retinal vein occlusion is a serious condition that requires prompt attention and expert care. At Blue Fin Vision®, we’re committed to providing the highest standard of care for BRVO patients, utilising the latest advancements in eye care to preserve your vision and improve your quality of life.
If you’re experiencing any sudden changes in vision or are concerned about your risk of branch retinal vein occlusion, we encourage you to book an appointment at our London eye clinic. Early detection and treatment can make a significant difference in managing this condition and preserving your vision.
Remember, your eye health is precious. Trust the experts at Blue Fin Vision® to provide comprehensive, state-of-the-art care for all your eye health needs, including the management of branch retinal vein occlusion. Contact us today to schedule your eye examination and take the first step towards protecting your vision for years to come.
