- Medically Reviewed by Mr Mfazo Hove Consultant Ophthalmologist
- Author: Chris Dunnington
- Published: January 13, 2025
At Blue Fin Vision® Eye Clinic in London, we’re committed to providing expert care for a wide range of eye conditions, including blepharospasm. This often-misunderstood condition can significantly impact one’s quality of life, but with proper diagnosis and treatment, many patients find relief. Let’s delve into the world of blepharospasm, exploring its causes, symptoms, and available treatments.
What is Blepharospasm?
Blepharospasm, also known as benign essential blepharospasm (BEB), is a rare neurological disorder characterised by involuntary muscle spasms and contractions of the eyelids. These spasms can cause excessive blinking, twitching, or in severe cases, complete closure of the eyes.
The term ‘benign’ in benign essential blepharospasm indicates that the condition is not life-threatening. However, it can significantly impact daily activities and quality of life. ‘Essential’ refers to the fact that the cause is often unknown or idiopathic.
Causes of Blepharospasm
The exact cause of blepharospasm remains a mystery to medical science. However, researchers have identified several factors that may contribute to its development:
Dry Eyes and Corneal Irritation
Interestingly, dry eyes are the most common cause of blepharospasm, along with any irritation to the corneal surface (such as a foreign body or an ingrown eyelash). This highlights the importance of proper eye lubrication and care.
Genetic Factors
While not always hereditary, some cases of blepharospasm seem to run in families. This suggests a potential genetic component, although more research is needed to fully understand the genetic factors involved.
Environmental Factors
Some patients report a history of eye trauma or local eye disease prior to developing blepharospasm. However, a direct causal relationship has not been established.
Multifactorial Causes
It’s likely that blepharospasm results from a complex interplay of genetic predisposition and environmental triggers. Stress, fatigue, and certain medications may exacerbate symptoms in susceptible individuals.
Symptoms of Blepharospasm
Blepharospasm typically develops gradually, often starting with increased blinking and light sensitivity. As the condition progresses, symptoms may include:
- Excessive, uncontrollable blinking
- Eyelid twitching or fluttering
- Involuntary closure of the eyes
- Sensitivity to light (photophobia)
- Eye irritation or a gritty sensation
- Facial spasms (in some cases)
It’s important to note that symptoms can vary from day to day and may worsen with:
- Fatigue
- Stress
- Prolonged reading or screen time
- Bright lights
- Windy or smoky environments
Interestingly, some patients find that their symptoms improve when talking, whistling, or touching their face. Many also report blinking less frequently during conversation, contrary to the typical increase in blinking observed in most people while speaking.
Diagnosis of Blepharospasm
At Blue Fin Vision® Eye Clinic, our experienced ophthalmologists use a combination of clinical examination and patient history to diagnose blepharospasm. We may also recommend additional tests to rule out other conditions that can cause similar symptoms.
Treatment Options for Blepharospasm
While there is currently no cure for blepharospasm, several treatment options can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life:
Intensive Lubricants
The first line of treatment for blepharospasm is often intensive lubricants. Using eye drops every 1-2 hours resolves symptoms in 95-98% of patients with blepharospasm. This simple yet effective approach underscores the importance of proper eye lubrication in managing the condition.
Botulinum Toxin Injections
For patients who don’t respond to lubricants, botulinum toxin injections are the primary treatment, proving effective in about 90% of cases. This treatment works by temporarily blocking nerve signals to the affected muscles, reducing spasms and involuntary movements.
Key points about botulinum toxin treatment:
- Injections are typically administered every 3-4 months
- Effects usually begin within 2-3 days, peaking at 7-10 days
- The procedure is generally well-tolerated with minimal side effects
At Blue Fin Vision®, we use approved botulinum toxin products for the treatment of blepharospasm.
Oral Medications
While less effective than botulinum toxin injections, oral medications may be prescribed in some cases:
- Muscle relaxants
- Sedatives
- Methylphenidate (in some cases)
These medications may help alleviate mild symptoms or extend the time between botulinum toxin injections.
Lifestyle Modifications
Simple lifestyle changes can often help manage symptoms:
- Stress reduction techniques
- Wearing FL-41 tinted glasses for light sensitivity
- Avoiding triggers like prolonged screen time or bright lights
Surgical Options
In cases where other treatments prove ineffective, surgical interventions may be considered:
- Protractor Myectomy: This procedure involves partial or complete removal of the affected eyelid muscles.
- Deep Brain Stimulation: While still experimental for blepharospasm, this technique has shown promise in some cases.
Living with Blepharospasm
At Blue Fin Vision® Eye Clinic in London, we understand that living with blepharospasm can be challenging. However, with proper management and support, many patients lead fulfilling lives. We encourage our patients to:
- Adhere to their treatment plan
- Attend regular follow-up appointments
- Join support groups to connect with others living with the condition
- Stay informed about new developments in blepharospasm research and treatment
Why Choose Blue Fin Vision® for Blepharospasm Treatment?
As a leading eye clinic in London, Blue Fin Vision® offers:
- Expert diagnosis and treatment of blepharospasm
- Access to the latest treatment options, including approved botulinum toxin injections
- A team of experienced ophthalmologists specialising in complex eye conditions
- Personalised care plans tailored to each patient’s unique needs
- State-of-the-art facilities and equipment
Conclusion
Blepharospasm, while challenging, is a manageable condition with the right care and treatment. At Blue Fin Vision® Eye Clinic, we’re dedicated to providing comprehensive, compassionate care for patients with blepharospasm and other eye conditions.
If you’re experiencing symptoms of blepharospasm or have concerns about your eye health, don’t hesitate to reach out. Our team of experts is here to provide the care and support you need to maintain optimal eye health and quality of life.
Trust your vision to the experts at Blue Fin Vision® Eye Clinic in London. Contact us today to schedule a consultation and take the first step towards managing your blepharospasm effectively.