- Medically Reviewed by Mr Mfazo Hove Consultant Ophthalmologist
- Author: Chris Dunnington
- Published: February 18, 2025
At Blue Fin Vision®, London’s premier eye clinic on Harley Street, we often encounter patients concerned about the impact of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on their eye health. The short answer is yes, rheumatoid arthritis can indeed affect your eyes. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore how RA can impact your vision, the symptoms to watch for, and the treatments available.
Understanding Rheumatoid Arthritis and Eye Health
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that primarily affects the joints, causing inflammation, pain, and stiffness. However, its impact extends beyond the joints, potentially affecting various parts of the body, including the eyes.
How Does RA Affect the Eyes?
The connection between RA and eye problems lies in the body’s inflammatory response. Just as RA causes inflammation in the joints, it can also trigger inflammation in different parts of the eye. This is because some eye structures, such as the sclera (the white part of the eye) and the cornea, contain collagen – a protein that RA commonly attacks.
Common Eye Conditions Associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Several eye conditions are more prevalent in individuals with RA. Let’s explore the most common ones:
- Dry Eye Syndrome (Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca)
Symptoms:
- Gritty or sandy feeling in the eyes
- Burning or stinging sensation
- Redness
- Blurred vision
- Excessive tearing (as a response to dryness)
Dry eye is the most common ocular manifestation of RA, affecting up to 18% of patients. It occurs when the tear glands don’t produce enough tears or when tears evaporate too quickly.
- Scleritis
Symptoms:
- Deep, aching eye pain
- Redness that doesn’t fade with eye drops
- Sensitivity to light
- Blurred vision
Scleritis is inflammation of the white part of the eye (sclera). It’s a more serious condition that can potentially threaten vision if left untreated.
- Episcleritis
Symptoms:
- Mild eye discomfort
- Redness in one or both eyes
- Watery eyes
Episcleritis affects the layer of tissue between the conjunctiva and the sclera. It’s generally less severe than scleritis but can still cause discomfort.
- Uveitis
Symptoms:
- Eye pain or discomfort
- Redness, particularly around the iris
- Light sensitivity
- Blurred vision
Uveitis is inflammation of the middle layer of the eye (uvea). While less common in RA, it can lead to serious complications if not promptly treated.
Causes of Eye Problems in Rheumatoid Arthritis
The primary cause of eye problems in RA is the same autoimmune response that affects the joints. The immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues, including those in the eyes. Additionally, some medications used to treat RA, particularly corticosteroids, can increase the risk of certain eye conditions like cataracts and glaucoma.
Diagnosis of RA-Related Eye Conditions
At Blue Fin Vision® in London, our expert ophthalmologists use various diagnostic techniques to identify RA-related eye conditions:
- Comprehensive eye examination
- Schirmer’s test for dry eye
- Slit-lamp examination
- Ocular coherence tomography (OCT)
- Fluorescein angiography (for severe cases)
Early diagnosis is crucial for preventing vision loss and managing symptoms effectively.
Treatment Options for RA-Related Eye Conditions
Treatment for RA-related eye conditions often involves a collaborative approach between rheumatologists and ophthalmologists. At our Harley Street clinic, we offer a range of treatments tailored to each patient’s specific needs:
For Dry Eye:
- Artificial tears and lubricating ointments
- Prescription eye drops to increase tear production
- Punctal plugs to prevent tear drainage
For Scleritis and Episcleritis:
- Topical or oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
- Corticosteroid eye drops
- Immunosuppressive medications in severe cases
For Uveitis:
- Corticosteroid eye drops, injections, or oral medications
- Immunosuppressive drugs
- Biologic agents in resistant cases
Preventing Eye Complications in Rheumatoid Arthritis
While not all eye complications can be prevented, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk:
- Regular eye check-ups: Annual comprehensive eye exams are crucial for early detection and treatment.
- Manage your RA: Keeping your RA under control with appropriate medication can help reduce inflammation throughout your body, including your eyes.
- Protect your eyes: Wear sunglasses to shield your eyes from UV rays and reduce irritation.
- Stay hydrated: Drinking plenty of water can help maintain eye moisture.
- Consider omega-3 supplements: These may help reduce inflammation and alleviate dry eye symptoms.
- Avoid smoking: Smoking can exacerbate eye problems and increase RA symptoms.
When to Seek Immediate Care
If you have RA and experience any of the following symptoms, seek immediate medical attention:
- Sudden onset of severe eye pain
- Rapid changes in vision
- Extreme sensitivity to light
- Persistent redness that doesn’t improve with over-the-counter eye drops
Conclusion: Expert Care for RA-Related Eye Conditions in London
Rheumatoid arthritis can indeed affect your eyes, but with proper care and management, most RA-related eye conditions can be effectively treated. At Blue Fin Vision® on Harley Street, our team of expert ophthalmologists specialises in diagnosing and treating eye complications associated with rheumatoid arthritis.
We understand the unique challenges faced by RA patients and offer personalised care to protect your vision and maintain your eye health. Regular eye check-ups are crucial, especially if you have RA. Don’t wait for symptoms to appear – proactive care is key to preserving your vision.
If you’re concerned about how rheumatoid arthritis might be affecting your eyes, or if you’re due for an eye examination, contact Blue Fin Vision® today. Our state-of-the-art London eye clinic is equipped with the latest technology to provide comprehensive eye care tailored to your needs. Trust your vision to the experts – schedule your appointment with Blue Fin Vision® and take the first step towards optimal eye health.
