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- Medically Reviewed by Mr Mfazo Hove Consultant Ophthalmologist
- Author: Chris Dunnington
- Published: November 23, 2024
At Blue Fin Vision®, our premier eye clinic on Harley Street in London, we often encounter patients with various types of glaucoma. Among these, Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) is the most common form. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore what POAG is, its causes, symptoms, and the cutting-edge treatments available.
Understanding Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma is a chronic, progressive eye condition characterised by damage to the optic nerve, often associated with elevated pressure within the eye (intraocular pressure or IOP). The term “open angle” refers to the angle where the iris meets the cornea, which in this type of glaucoma remains open and unobstructed.
Key Facts About POAG:
- Most common form of glaucoma in the UK
- Affects approximately 2% of people over 40, increasing to almost 10% in those over 75
- Often develops slowly and without noticeable symptoms, especially in the early stages
- Can lead to vision loss if left untreated
- Typically affects both eyes, but may progress at different rates
Causes of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
Understanding the causes of POAG is crucial for early detection and management. While the exact cause isn’t always clear, several factors contribute to its development:
- Increased Intraocular Pressure
The primary risk factor for POAG is elevated pressure within the eye. This occurs when the eye’s drainage system (trabecular meshwork) becomes less efficient at draining aqueous humour, the clear fluid that fills the front part of the eye.
- Age
The risk of developing POAG increases significantly after age 40 and rises further after 75.
- Genetics
Family history plays a significant role in POAG. If you have a close blood relative with glaucoma, your risk is increased at least fourfold.
- Ethnicity
People of African-Caribbean origin have about a four times increased risk of POAG compared to those of European origin.
- Other Risk Factors
- Myopia (short-sightedness)
- Thin corneas
- Diabetes
- High blood pressure
- Previous eye injuries
Symptoms of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
One of the challenges with POAG is that it often develops without noticeable symptoms in its early stages. This is why it’s often called the “silent thief of sight.” As the condition progresses, you may experience:
- Gradual loss of peripheral (side) vision, usually in both eyes
- Tunnel vision in the advanced stages
- Difficulty adjusting to low light
- Problems with glare
It’s crucial to note that by the time these symptoms become noticeable, significant damage may have already occurred. This underscores the importance of regular eye examinations, especially for those at higher risk.
Diagnosing Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
At our London eye clinic, we use state-of-the-art diagnostic tools to accurately identify and assess POAG:
- Tonometry: Measures intraocular pressure.
- Ophthalmoscopy: Examines the optic nerve for signs of damage.
- Visual Field Test: Checks for areas of vision loss.
- Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): Provides detailed images of the optic nerve and retinal nerve fibre layer.
- Gonioscopy: Examines the angle where the iris meets the cornea.
Early diagnosis is key to preventing vision loss and implementing effective treatment strategies.
Treatment Options for Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
While there’s no cure for POAG, several treatments can help manage the condition and prevent further vision loss. At Blue Fin Vision®, we offer a range of advanced treatments tailored to each patient’s specific needs:
- Eye Drops
The first line of treatment is usually eye drops designed to lower intraocular pressure. These may include prostaglandin analogues, beta-blockers, alpha-agonists, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
- Laser Therapy
Several types of laser treatments can be effective in managing POAG:
- Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT): Improves drainage of aqueous humour.
- Argon Laser Trabeculoplasty (ALT): An older technique, still effective for some patients.
- Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS)
These procedures offer a less invasive approach to traditional glaucoma surgery and may be combined with cataract surgery.
- Traditional Glaucoma Surgery
For more advanced cases, we may recommend trabeculectomy or drainage implant surgery.
Living with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
A diagnosis of POAG can be concerning, but with proper management and care, many people maintain good vision throughout their lives. Regular check-ups, adherence to treatment plans, and a healthy lifestyle can all contribute to better outcomes.
Why Choose Blue Fin Vision® for POAG Care?
At Blue Fin Vision®, our Harley Street clinic offers:
- Expert Care: Our team of specialist ophthalmologists are leaders in diagnosing and treating glaucoma.
- Advanced Technology: We use the latest diagnostic and treatment technologies for optimal outcomes.
- Personalised Treatment: Each patient receives a tailored care plan based on their specific condition and needs.
- Comprehensive Support: From diagnosis through to long-term management, we provide continuous care and support.
Remember, early detection and treatment are crucial in managing POAG and preserving your vision. If you’re concerned about your risk of glaucoma or it’s been a while since your last eye examination, we encourage you to book an appointment at our London eye clinic. Let us help you protect your vision for years to come.
