- Medically Reviewed by Mr Mfazo Hove Consultant Ophthalmologist
- Author: Chris Dunnington
- Published: January 21, 2025
Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is a common yet often overlooked eye condition that can significantly impact your ocular health and comfort. At Blue Fin Vision® Eye Clinic on Harley Street, London, we specialise in diagnosing and treating this prevalent disorder. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore what MGD is, its causes, symptoms, and the various treatment options available.
Understanding Meibomian Glands and Their Function
Before delving into the dysfunction, it’s crucial to understand the role of meibomian glands in maintaining eye health. These tiny glands, located in your eyelids, produce an oily substance called meibum. This oil forms the outer layer of your tear film, which is essential for:
- Preventing rapid evaporation of tears
- Keeping the eye surface lubricated
- Protecting against environmental irritants
When these glands don’t function properly, it can lead to a range of uncomfortable symptoms and potential complications.
What is Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD)?
Meibomian gland dysfunction occurs when the meibomian glands don’t produce or release enough oil (meibum) or when the quality of the oil is poor. This results in an unstable tear film, which can lead to dry eye symptoms and other ocular surface issues.
MGD is often described as a chronic, diffuse abnormality of the meibomian glands. It’s characterised by terminal duct obstruction and/or qualitative/quantitative changes in glandular secretion. These changes can result in altered tear film composition, symptoms of eye irritation, clinically apparent inflammation, and ocular surface disease.
Causes of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction
Several factors can contribute to the development of MGD:
- Age: The risk of MGD increases with age, particularly after 50.
- Hormonal changes: Fluctuations in hormone levels, especially in women, can affect meibomian gland function.
- Certain skin conditions: Conditions like rosacea and seborrheic dermatitis can increase the risk of MGD.
- Environmental factors: Exposure to dry or windy environments can exacerbate MGD symptoms.
- Digital device use: Prolonged screen time can reduce blink rate, affecting meibomian gland function.
- Contact lens wear: Long-term contact lens use may contribute to MGD development.
- Medications: Some medications, including antihistamines and antidepressants, can affect tear production and quality.
- Systemic diseases: Conditions like diabetes and autoimmune disorders can impact meibomian gland health.
Symptoms of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction
MGD can manifest in various ways, and symptoms may vary from person to person. Common signs and symptoms include:
- Dry eye sensation: A feeling of grittiness or sandiness in the eyes
- Redness: Persistent eye redness or irritation
- Burning or stinging: Especially noticeable when blinking
- Blurred vision: Often fluctuating throughout the day
- Light sensitivity: Discomfort in bright environments
- Watery eyes: Paradoxically, MGD can cause excessive tearing as the eye tries to compensate for dryness
- Eyelid inflammation: Swollen or puffy eyelids
- Crusty or sticky eyelashes: Particularly noticeable upon waking
If you’re experiencing any of these symptoms, it’s essential to consult with an eye care professional at Blue Fin Vision® Eye Clinic for a comprehensive evaluation.
Diagnosing Meibomian Gland Dysfunction
At our Harley Street clinic in London, we use advanced diagnostic techniques to assess meibomian gland function and overall ocular surface health. These may include:
- Slit lamp examination: To evaluate the eyelid margins and gland openings
- Meibography: Imaging of the meibomian glands to assess their structure and any areas of dropout
- Tear film analysis: To measure tear quality and evaporation rate
- Expression of meibomian glands: To assess the quality and quantity of meibum
Early diagnosis is crucial for effective management and prevention of long-term complications.
Treatment Options for Meibomian Gland Dysfunction
At Blue Fin Vision® Eye Clinic, we offer a range of treatments tailored to the severity of your MGD and individual needs. These may include:
- Eyelid Hygiene and Warm Compresses
Often the first line of treatment, this involves:
- Applying warm compresses to the eyelids to melt the thickened meibum
- Gentle eyelid massage to express the oil from the glands
- Cleansing the eyelid margins to remove debris and bacteria
- Artificial Tears and Lubricants
Preservative-free artificial tears can help alleviate symptoms by supplementing the tear film. We can recommend the most suitable option for your specific condition.
- Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplements
These supplements may help improve the quality of meibum and reduce inflammation associated with MGD.
- Topical or Oral Medications
In some cases, we may prescribe:
- Topical antibiotics to manage associated bacterial overgrowth
- Anti-inflammatory medications to reduce eyelid inflammation
- Oral antibiotics like azithromycin, which can improve meibomian gland function
- Lifestyle and Environmental Modifications
We’ll also provide guidance on lifestyle changes that can help manage MGD, such as:
- Maintaining proper eyelid hygiene
- Taking regular breaks during prolonged screen use
- Staying hydrated
- Using a humidifier in dry environments
Prevention and Long-Term Management
While some risk factors for MGD are unavoidable, there are steps you can take to maintain healthy meibomian gland function:
- Practice good eyelid hygiene regularly
- Use protective eyewear in windy or dry environments
- Stay hydrated and maintain a balanced diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids
- Take breaks during prolonged digital device use (follow the 20-20-20 rule: every 20 minutes, look at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds)
- Attend regular eye check-ups to monitor your ocular health
Conclusion: Expert Care for Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in London
Meibomian gland dysfunction is a common but manageable condition that can significantly impact your quality of life if left untreated. At Blue Fin Vision® Eye Clinic on Harley Street, London, our team of expert ophthalmologists is dedicated to providing cutting-edge diagnostics and personalised treatment plans for MGD and other ocular surface diseases.
If you’re experiencing symptoms of MGD or are concerned about your eye health, don’t hesitate to book a consultation with us. Early intervention is key to preventing long-term complications and ensuring optimal ocular comfort and vision.
Remember, healthy eyes start with healthy meibomian glands. Let Blue Fin Vision® be your partner in maintaining clear, comfortable vision for years to come.
