Myopia is a refractive error where distant objects appear blurred because light focuses in front of the retina. It usually begins in childhood and can progress through the teenage years.
Causes and impact
Both genetics and environment contribute.
- Axial elongation of the eyeball is the main structural change
- Clear near vision but blurred distance vision without correction
- High myopia increases risk of retinal detachment, myopic maculopathy, and glaucoma
- Prevalence is rising worldwide, especially in urbanised societies
Management
Options include both correction and myopia control strategies.
- Glasses or contact lenses for clear vision
- Special myopia-control lenses, orthokeratology, or low-dose atropine for children
- Refractive or lens-based surgery in suitable adults
- Regular retinal checks, particularly in high myopia
