Blindness describes severe, permanent loss of vision that significantly limits everyday activities, even with the best possible correction. Definitions vary between countries and organisations.
Causes
Many eye and neurological conditions can lead to blindness.
- Globally common causes include cataract, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy
- Inherited retinal dystrophies, corneal opacity, and childhood conditions such as retinopathy of prematurity
- Trauma, infection, and stroke affecting visual pathways
- Socioeconomic factors influence access to prevention and treatment
Support and adaptation
Rehabilitation helps people remain as independent as possible.
- Orientation and mobility training, including white-cane skills and guide dogs
- Assistive technology such as screen readers, braille displays, and audio books
- Psychological support and peer groups to address emotional impact
- Social and occupational services to support education and employment
