Ocular surface disease includes dry eye, blepharitis, and allergic or inflammatory problems. Management follows a stepwise approach that escalates from simple measures to advanced therapies.
First-line strategies
Initial treatment focuses on stabilising tears and lids. Many patients improve significantly with consistent basic care.
- Preservative-free lubricants used regularly rather than only when sore
- Lid hygiene and warm compresses for meibomian gland dysfunction
- Environmental adjustments like reducing airflow and managing screen time
- Allergy control with antihistamine or mast-cell stabiliser drops if relevant
Second-line and advanced treatments
When symptoms persist, additional targeted therapies are considered. These are tailored to the specific surface problem.
- Anti-inflammatory drops such as cyclosporine or short steroid courses
- Punctal plugs or cautery to conserve tears
- In-office gland treatments, serum drops, or scleral lenses for severe disease
- Regular review to adjust treatment as the surface improves or flares
