Foveal imaging focuses on the very centre of the macula, where cone density is highest and detailed vision is greatest. Accurate assessment of foveal structure is crucial in many macular diseases.
Methods
High-resolution OCT scans are used to examine foveal contour, layer integrity, and presence of fluid or defects. In specialised settings, adaptive optics or high-magnification imaging can visualise individual photoreceptors.
- Cross-sectional scans show foveal depression and outer retinal bands
- En face views can highlight small lesions or cysts
- Precise centring on the fovea improves reproducibility
- Advanced imaging may capture photoreceptor mosaics
Clinical Importance
Foveal imaging helps diagnose macular holes, central serous chorioretinopathy, subtle oedema, and early degenerative changes. It also guides surgical planning and tracks structural recovery after treatment.
- Changes in foveal architecture correlate closely with visual acuity
- Serial scans reveal healing, closure, or progression
- Useful in evaluating outcomes of novel therapies
- Interpretation must consider normal age-related foveal variations
