Optic nerve head analysis uses imaging and quantitative measurements to assess the structure of the optic disc and surrounding tissues. It is especially important in glaucoma diagnosis and monitoring.
Techniques
Methods include OCT-based disc scans, scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, and confocal tomography, which measure parameters such as rim area, cup volume, and neuroretinal rim thickness. Some systems generate three-dimensional models and progression reports.
- Provides objective data beyond clinical disc drawings
- Quantifies asymmetry between eyes and changes over time
- Uses normative databases adjusted for disc size and age
- Image quality and segmentation accuracy are critical
Clinical Relevance
Optic nerve head analysis helps detect early glaucomatous excavation, differentiate large physiological cups from disease, and monitor structural progression. It also contributes to assessment of optic neuropathies from other causes.
- Findings guide initiation or escalation of pressure-lowering therapy
- Combined with retinal nerve fibre layer and visual field results for comprehensive evaluation
- Serial analyses highlight subtle but statistically significant changes
- Interpretation requires understanding of normal anatomical variation
