Blepharospasm is a movement disorder in which the muscles around the eyes contract involuntarily, causing repetitive blinking or forced eyelid closure. It is classed as a focal dystonia affecting the eyelids.
Symptoms
People with blepharospasm may notice increased blinking, eyelid twitching, or episodes when the eyes close uncontrollably, sometimes leading to functional visual impairment. Symptoms can worsen with bright light, stress, or fatigue and may improve temporarily with rest or sensory tricks.
- Usually affects both eyes symmetrically
- Can be accompanied by light sensitivity and dry eye symptoms
- May start with mild twitching before progressing to stronger spasms
- Does not typically cause structural damage to the eye itself
Management
Treatment often involves targeted injections of botulinum toxin into the eyelid muscles to reduce spasm strength and frequency. Supportive measures, including tinted lenses, lubricating drops, and managing dry eye, may help improve comfort.
- Botulinum toxin effects are temporary and require repeat treatments at intervals
- Neurology or ophthalmology input helps confirm diagnosis and rule out mimicking conditions
- In severe or refractory cases, surgical options may be considered
- Psychological support can be beneficial when symptoms limit daily activities
