Diabetic retinopathy is damage to the retinal blood vessels caused by diabetes. Over time high blood sugar can weaken and block vessels, leading to leakage, swelling and abnormal new vessel growth.
Stages of diabetic eye disease
Early non-proliferative stages may cause few symptoms but can progress to macular oedema, where fluid collects at the centre of vision. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy develops fragile new vessels that can bleed or cause scarring and detachment.
- Good control of blood sugar, blood pressure and cholesterol reduces risk
- Regular retinal screening helps detect problems before vision is affected
- Treatment includes laser, intravitreal injections and sometimes surgery
- Long-term follow-up is essential even after successful treatment
