Cystoid macular oedema is a particular pattern of swelling in the central retina. Fluid collects in small cyst-like spaces, causing blurred and sometimes distorted central vision.
Why CMO develops
CMO can arise after surgery, inflammation, or retinal vein occlusion. Understanding the trigger helps guide tailored treatment.
- It commonly occurs after cataract surgery in susceptible eyes.
- Uveitis and diabetic retinopathy are other frequent causes.
- Patients notice difficulty reading, driving, or recognising faces.
- OCT imaging clearly shows the cystic spaces in the macula.
- Both eyes may be affected, particularly in inflammatory disease.
Treatment and monitoring
The aim is to reduce fluid and protect long-term macular function. Many cases respond well to modern therapies.
- Anti-inflammatory drops or tablets are often used after surgery-related CMO.
- Steroid or anti-VEGF injections treat more persistent swelling.
- Controlling underlying inflammation is essential in uveitis-related CMO.
- Regular OCT scans track response and guide repeat treatments.
- Low-vision aids may help if some blur remains.
