- Medically Reviewed by Mr Mfazo Hove Consultant Ophthalmologist
- Author: Chris Dunnington
- Published: February 10, 2025
Pterygium, often referred to as ‘Surfer’s Eye’, is a common eye condition that can affect anyone, regardless of whether they’ve ever set foot on a surfboard. At Blue Fin Vision® Eye Clinic in London’s prestigious Harley Street, we often encounter patients concerned about this peculiar eye growth. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore what pterygium is, its causes, symptoms, and available treatments.
What is Pterygium?
Pterygium is a benign, wedge-shaped growth of fleshy tissue that appears on the white part of the eye (conjunctiva) and can extend onto the cornea. It typically starts in the inner corner of the eye, near the nose, and can affect one or both eyes. While it’s generally harmless, a pterygium can cause discomfort and, in severe cases, affect vision.
Causes of Pterygium
The exact cause of pterygium isn’t fully understood, but several factors have been identified as potential contributors:
- UV Light Exposure
Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light is considered the primary cause of pterygium. This explains why the condition is more prevalent in regions closer to the equator and among individuals who spend considerable time outdoors.
- Environmental Factors
Exposure to irritants such as:
- Wind
- Dust
- Sand
- Smoke
These elements can increase the risk of developing pterygium, especially when combined with UV exposure.
- Genetic Predisposition
Some individuals may be genetically more susceptible to developing pterygium.
- Age and Gender
Pterygium is more common in adults aged 20 to 40 and appears to affect men more frequently than women.
Symptoms of Pterygium
Pterygium can manifest with various symptoms, ranging from mild irritation to more severe vision problems. Common symptoms include:
- Redness and inflammation: The affected area may appear bloodshot and swollen.
- Irritation: A feeling of grittiness or the sensation of having a foreign body in the eye.
- Dryness and itching: The eye may feel dry and itchy, particularly in windy or dusty conditions.
- Burning sensation: Some patients report a burning feeling in the affected eye.
- Blurred vision: As the pterygium grows, it can affect the curvature of the cornea, leading to astigmatism and blurred vision.
- Cosmetic concerns: The visible growth on the eye can be a source of self-consciousness for some individuals.
It’s important to note that in its early stages, pterygium may not cause any noticeable symptoms. Regular eye check-ups at a reputable eye clinic like Blue Fin Vision® in London can help detect and monitor the condition before it progresses.
Diagnosis of Pterygium
Diagnosing pterygium is typically straightforward for an experienced ophthalmologist. At Blue Fin Vision® Eye Clinic, we use state-of-the-art equipment to examine and diagnose pterygium:
- Slit-lamp examination: This is the primary method for diagnosing pterygium. It allows the eye doctor to examine the growth under high magnification.
- Visual acuity test: This helps determine if the pterygium is affecting vision.
- Corneal topography: In some cases, this mapping technique may be used to measure changes in the cornea’s curvature caused by the pterygium.
- Photo documentation: We may take photographs to track the growth and progression of the pterygium over time.
Treatment Options for Pterygium
The treatment for pterygium depends on its size, symptoms, and impact on vision. At Blue Fin Vision® Eye Clinic, we offer a range of treatment options:
Conservative Management
For mild cases with minimal symptoms, we may recommend:
- Artificial tears: To lubricate the eye and reduce irritation.
- Topical corticosteroids: To manage inflammation and redness.
- Protective eyewear: Sunglasses and hats to shield the eyes from UV light and environmental irritants.
Surgical Intervention
If the pterygium is causing significant discomfort, affecting vision, or for cosmetic reasons, surgical removal may be recommended. The most common surgical techniques include:
- Conjunctival autografting: This is the preferred method at Blue Fin Vision®. It involves removing the pterygium and replacing it with a small piece of the patient’s own conjunctival tissue.
- Amniotic membrane transplantation: In some cases, we may use amniotic membrane tissue to cover the area where the pterygium was removed.
- Adjunctive treatments: To reduce the risk of recurrence, we may use additional treatments such as mitomycin C during or after surgery.
It’s important to note that while surgery is generally successful, there is a risk of recurrence. Our experienced surgeons at Blue Fin Vision® use advanced techniques to minimise this risk.
Prevention of Pterygium
While it’s not always possible to prevent pterygium, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk:
- Wear UV-blocking sunglasses: Choose wraparound styles for maximum protection.
- Use a wide-brimmed hat: This provides additional protection from UV rays.
- Limit exposure to environmental irritants: When possible, avoid dusty, windy conditions.
- Use artificial tears: In dry or irritating environments, lubricating eye drops can help protect your eyes.
- Regular eye check-ups: Early detection and monitoring can prevent progression of pterygium.
Why Choose Blue Fin Vision® for Pterygium Treatment?
At Blue Fin Vision® Eye Clinic in London’s Harley Street, we offer:
- Expert care: Our team of experienced ophthalmologists specialise in pterygium diagnosis and treatment.
- Advanced technology: We use the latest diagnostic and surgical equipment for optimal results.
- Personalised treatment plans: We tailor our approach to each patient’s unique needs and circumstances.
- Comprehensive aftercare: We provide thorough follow-up care to ensure the best possible outcomes.
Conclusion
Pterygium, while often benign, can cause discomfort and affect vision if left untreated. Understanding its causes, recognising its symptoms, and seeking timely professional care are crucial steps in managing this condition effectively. At Blue Fin Vision® Eye Clinic in London, we’re committed to providing the highest standard of care for pterygium and all other eye conditions.
If you’re concerned about pterygium or any other eye health issue, don’t hesitate to contact Blue Fin Vision® Eye Clinic. Our expert team is ready to provide you with the care and attention your eyes deserve. Remember, when it comes to your vision, early intervention and professional care are key to maintaining healthy eyes for life.
