A retinal prosthesis is an electronic device that aims to restore partial vision in people with severe retinal degeneration by electrically stimulating remaining retinal cells. It functions as an artificial replacement for lost photoreceptors.
How It Works
Systems typically use a camera on glasses or a light‑sensitive chip to capture images and convert them into electrical signals delivered to the retina, optic nerve, or visual cortex. The brain interprets these signals as patterns of light and dark, allowing basic visual tasks such as locating objects or detecting movement.
- Most devices target conditions like advanced retinitis pigmentosa
- Vision provided is low resolution, more for orientation than detailed reading
- Surgery places an electrode array on or under the retina
- Extensive rehabilitation is needed to learn how to use the new visual input
Current Landscape
Several retinal prosthesis systems have been developed, but many remain in research or limited clinical use. Long‑term reliability, safety, and cost continue to be areas of active study.
- Patients are usually enrolled through specialised centres or clinical trials
- Comprehensive counselling sets realistic expectations before surgery
- Alternative low‑vision aids are often used alongside the implant
- Future advances may combine prostheses with gene or cell therapies
