Penetrating keratoplasty PKP is a full-thickness corneal transplant in which the entire central cornea is replaced with donor tissue.
How PKP is carried out
A circular section of the patient’s cornea is removed, then a matching donor button is stitched into place with fine sutures. This replaces all layers, including the endothelium.
- Used when disease involves the entire corneal thickness
- Indications include advanced keratoconus, scars, dystrophies, or failed previous grafts
- Sutures remain for many months, sometimes years
- Vision gradually improves as healing and suture adjustment progress
Risks and long-term care
PKP has a long track record but carries rejection and trauma risks. Lifelong monitoring is important.
- Rejection episodes may cause redness, pain, or sudden blur
- Protective eyewear is recommended to reduce injury risk
- Astigmatism may require glasses, contact lenses, or further procedures
- Regular follow-up helps maintain graft clarity and eye pressure control
