Laser ablation in eye surgery refers to using an excimer or similar laser to precisely remove microscopic layers of corneal tissue. It reshapes the cornea to correct refractive errors such as myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism.
How It Works
The laser delivers computer-controlled pulses that vaporise tissue without significant heat spread, allowing very accurate reshaping. Treatments are customised based on corneal maps, prescription, and chosen technique (such as LASIK or PRK).
- Each pulse removes only a fraction of a micron of tissue
- The pattern of ablation determines the new corneal curvature
- Eye-tracking systems compensate for small movements
- Safety limits protect against excessive thinning
Applications
Laser ablation is central to LASIK, PRK, LASEK, and topography- or wavefront-guided procedures. It may also be used therapeutically to smooth scars or surface irregularities.
- Pre-operative assessment ensures adequate corneal thickness and health
- Results are generally stable once healing is complete
- Dryness and temporary glare are common early side effects
- Enhancement treatments may fine-tune residual prescription in suitable cases
