Focal laser treatment is a targeted retinal laser therapy used to seal specific leaking blood vessels or microaneurysms, most often in diabetic macular oedema. It focuses energy on small problem areas rather than the whole retina.
How It Is Performed
Guided by retinal imaging, the ophthalmologist applies brief laser spots directly to or near leakage points while the patient looks into a microscope with a special contact lens. The aim is to reduce fluid accumulation in the macula.
- Usually performed under topical anaesthetic as an outpatient
- May be combined with intravitreal injections in modern treatment plans
- Patients see bright flashes but should not feel significant pain
- Multiple sessions may be needed depending on response
Benefits and Limits
Focal laser can stabilise or modestly improve vision by drying the macula, particularly in focal rather than diffuse oedema. Careful technique minimises risk to central vision.
- Small localised blind spots or reduced sensitivity are possible near treated areas
- Ongoing systemic control of diabetes and blood pressure remains crucial
- Regular OCT scans track macular thickness after treatment
- Newer pharmacological treatments have reduced but not eliminated the role of focal laser
