Eyelid transplantation generally refers to using composite grafts or flaps that include skin, muscle, and tarsal tissue to reconstruct large segments of the eyelid. Whole‑eyelid transplantation from donors is extremely rare and experimental.
Reconstructive Transplants
In extensive defects, tissue from the opposite lid, adjacent facial skin, or regional flaps (such as Hughes or Cutler-Beard procedures) can recreate an eyelid with both anterior and posterior lamellae. These complex reconstructions are sometimes staged.
- Posterior lamella may come from tarsus, hard palate, or cartilage grafts
- Anterior lamella is reconstructed with local skin-muscle flaps or grafts
- Temporary closure of the eye may be needed during some staged techniques
- Goal is a stable, mobile lid that protects the globe and looks as natural as possible
Challenges and Follow-Up
Such surgery is technically demanding and tailored to each patient. Multiple operations and refinements are often required.
- Risks include graft failure, scarring, malposition, and exposure keratopathy
- Regular monitoring ensures tumour control where cancer was the original cause
- Adjunctive therapies such as lubrication, scleral lenses, or further cosmetic adjustments may be needed
- Despite complexity, modern techniques can restore remarkable function and appearance in severe eyelid loss
