An electronic retinal implant is a surgically implanted device that replaces some functions of damaged retinal cells using microelectronic circuits and electrodes. It is a specific type of retinal prosthesis.
Device Components
Implants usually include an electrode array on or under the retina, a receiver coil, and external components such as a camera and processor worn on glasses. The processor transforms images into stimulation patterns sent wirelessly to the implant.
- Epiretinal arrays sit on the inner retinal surface; subretinal arrays lie beneath the retina
- Power and data are transmitted transcutaneously from external coils
- Stimulation parameters can be adjusted to optimise perceived images
- Regular programming sessions fine‑tune performance after surgery
Clinical Use
Electronic retinal implants remain limited to selected patients in specialised centres or trials. Long‑term studies monitor visual function, device stability, and ocular health.
- Potential complications include infection, retinal detachment, or device failure
- Explants or replacements may be required if problems arise
- Rehabilitation professionals teach patients to interpret the artificial vision
- Research continues to improve resolution and reduce hardware burden
