A retinal implant is an electronic device designed to provide partial vision to people with severe retinal degeneration, typically retinitis pigmentosa. It converts visual information into electrical stimulation of remaining retinal or visual pathway cells.
Types
Epiretinal implants sit on the inner surface of the retina, while subretinal devices lie beneath the retina; some systems stimulate the optic nerve or visual cortex instead. An external camera or photodiode array captures images and sends signals to the implant.
- Examples have included the Argus II epiretinal system and other experimental devices
- Vision gained is low‑resolution, helping with light perception, object localisation, and mobility rather than detailed reading
- Most programmes operate within clinical trials or specialised centres
- Suitability depends on intact optic nerve and visual pathways
Current Status
Many commercial retinal implant programmes have paused or evolved, but research continues into new generations of prostheses and optogenetic therapies. Patients interested in such options are usually referred to tertiary research centres.
- Extensive counselling sets realistic expectations about achievable vision
- Rehabilitation training is essential to interpret new visual signals
- Long‑term safety and device reliability are key research areas
- Alternative low‑vision aids and orientation training remain important adjuncts
