A multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) is an artificial lens designed to provide focus at more than one distance, reducing dependence on glasses after cataract or lens-replacement surgery. It uses concentric rings or other optical zones to split light for near, intermediate, and distance vision.
How Multifocal IOLs Work
Unlike monofocal lenses that focus light at a single point, multifocal designs distribute light to multiple focal points simultaneously. The brain learns to select the appropriate image depending on whether you are looking far away, at a screen, or at reading material.
- Can significantly reduce or eliminate the need for reading glasses
- Best suited to patients with healthy maculae, regular corneas, and realistic expectations
- May produce halos or glare around lights, particularly at night
- Fine print or prolonged near work may still require mild spectacles in some people
Considerations Before Surgery
Careful assessment of lifestyle, night driving, occupation, and eye health helps decide whether a multifocal IOL is appropriate. Alternative options include monofocal, extended‑depth‑of‑focus, or monovision strategies.
- Not usually recommended in significant macular disease, glaucoma, or irregular astigmatism
- Pre-existing dry eye or large pupils may increase visual side effects
- Some patients need time to adapt to the new optical system
- Occasionally, intolerance leads to consideration of IOL exchange
