Corneal transplants replace damaged corneal tissue to restore clarity. PKP, DMEK, and DALK are different techniques chosen based on which layers are affected.
Full-thickness vs partial-thickness grafts
PKP replaces all layers of the cornea, while DMEK and DALK replace only selected parts. Preserving healthy tissue often improves strength and healing.
- PKP penetrating keratoplasty for full-thickness scars or thinning
- DMEK for diseases mainly affecting the innermost endothelial layer
- DALK for conditions involving the front stroma but with healthy endothelium
- Each technique uses donor tissue tailored to the problem
Recovery and visual outcomes
Healing times and risk profiles differ between these operations. Your surgeon chooses the safest effective option for your specific condition.
- DMEK often offers quick visual recovery and low rejection risk
- DALK reduces rejection risk but vision may take longer to sharpen
- PKP remains useful for complex scars or very thin corneas
- All require long-term follow-up and careful drop use
