Cornea transplant replaces damaged or scarred corneal tissue with clear donor tissue. It aims to restore a smooth, transparent window at the front of the eye so light can focus properly.
Types of corneal transplant
Modern techniques allow only the diseased layers to be replaced in many cases. This often speeds recovery and reduces some risks compared with older full thickness grafts.
- Penetrating keratoplasty replaces the full thickness cornea when damage is deep.
- Endothelial procedures DSAEK or DMEK replace only the inner pump layer.
- Anterior lamellar grafts treat surface scarring or keratoconus.
- Choice depends on which layers are affected and other eye conditions.
- All grafts use carefully screened donor tissue from eye banks.
Recovery and long term care
Vision after corneal transplant improves gradually over months. Lifelong awareness of rejection signs and regular follow up are essential.
- Patients use steroid and lubricating drops for many months or longer.
- Stitches may stay in place for months and are removed in stages.
- Warning signs of rejection include redness, pain, sensitivity to light, and blur.
- Protective glasses help reduce injury risk during sport or manual work.
- With prompt treatment of complications, many patients achieve comfortable, functional vision.
