Visual distortion includes bending, stretching, tilting, or shimmering of images. It can originate from ocular, neurological, or optical factors.
Ocular Causes
Macular diseases such as age‑related macular degeneration, epiretinal membrane, macular hole, and diabetic oedema commonly cause distortion. Corneal irregularities, poorly centred lenses, and significant astigmatism can also warp images.
- Metamorphopsia from macular pathology affects central vision
- Keratoconus and corneal scars cause ghosting and multiple images
- Post‑surgical or multifocal optics may introduce some perceived distortion
- Neurological conditions and migraine aura can alter perception transiently
Need for Evaluation
New or progressive distortion deserves prompt macular and refractive assessment. Many causes respond to medical or surgical treatment if addressed early.
- Amsler grid testing helps monitor macular‑related distortion
- Optical adjustments often reduce distortion from lenses or cornea
- Neurological symptoms with distortion require brain imaging
- Low‑vision aids can mitigate impact when distortion is permanent
