Subconjunctival bleeding occurs when a small blood vessel breaks under the conjunctiva, creating a sharply demarcated red area on the white of the eye. It often looks dramatic but is usually harmless.
Triggers
Coughing, sneezing, straining, minor trauma, or rubbing the eye commonly cause these haemorrhages. Blood thinners, hypertension, fragile vessels in diabetes, and bleeding disorders increase risk.
- Vision is typically unaffected and there is little or no discomfort
- The patch may change colour like a bruise over one to two weeks
- Recurrent or bilateral episodes raise suspicion of systemic issues
- Significant trauma can be associated with deeper ocular injuries
Management
No specific treatment is needed in most cases; the blood reabsorbs spontaneously. Assessment is advisable after injury or when episodes are frequent.
- Artificial tears can ease mild irritation
- Blood pressure and medications should be reviewed in recurrent cases
- Protective eyewear helps prevent traumatic episodes
- Seek urgent care if haemorrhage follows significant blunt or penetrating trauma
