Photophobia is abnormal sensitivity or discomfort in bright light. It can originate from eye surface problems, intra‑ocular disease, or neurological conditions.
Ocular Causes
Corneal abrasions, keratitis, uveitis, and severe dry eye commonly produce marked light sensitivity. Post‑surgical states, albinism, aniridia, and some inherited retinal dystrophies also heighten glare.
- Red, painful eyes with photophobia often indicate serious inflammation or infection
- Meningitis and migraine can cause central photophobia with relatively normal eye findings
- Certain medications or dilating drops temporarily increase light sensitivity
- Long‑standing photophobia may be associated with iris or retinal abnormalities
Clinical Importance
New or severe photophobia, especially with pain or reduced vision, requires prompt evaluation. Treatment targets the underlying cause and may include protective measures.
- Sunglasses, hats, and tinted lenses can improve comfort
- Persistent symptoms after injury or surgery should be reported
- Systemic symptoms like headache, neck stiffness, or fever warrant urgent medical care
- Diagnostic tests may include slit‑lamp examination and neurological assessment
