Dry eyes result from reduced tear production, increased evaporation, or an imbalance in tear composition. They are influenced by age, environment, health conditions, and medications.
Main Factors
Common contributors include meibomian gland dysfunction, screen use with reduced blinking, contact lenses, hormonal changes, and autoimmune diseases such as Sjögren’s syndrome. Wind, air conditioning, and some drugs, including antihistamines and antidepressants, can worsen dryness.
- Eyelid problems that prevent full blinking expose the surface
- Previous eye surgery may temporarily alter tear stability
- Systemic dehydration and low humidity increase evaporation
- Preservatives in frequent eye drops can aggravate symptoms
Implications
Dry eye causes burning, grittiness, and fluctuating vision, and can impact quality of life. Identifying the underlying factors guides treatment such as lubricants, lid therapy, and systemic management.
- Chronic dry eye often requires long‑term care rather than one‑off treatment
- People with autoimmune disease or thyroid problems are at higher risk
- Screen users benefit from regular breaks and conscious blinking
- Professional assessment distinguishes dry eye from other surface diseases
