Corneal cloudiness occurs when the normally clear cornea becomes opaque or hazy, blocking or scattering light. It can be congenital or acquired.
Causes
Corneal oedema from endothelial failure, infection, trauma, dystrophies, scarring, and chemical injury are major causes. Keratoconus, advanced pterygium, and inherited metabolic diseases can also cloud the cornea.
- Acute hydrops in keratoconus produces sudden painful clouding
- Long‑standing oedema from Fuchs’ dystrophy leads to morning blur and glare
- Severe infections may leave permanent scars after healing
- Congenital corneal opacities may signal underlying systemic disorders
Clinical Implications
Corneal cloudiness often reduces vision and may cause photophobia or discomfort. Treatment ranges from medical therapy to corneal transplantation.
- Early treatment of infection or oedema improves prognosis
- Specular microscopy and imaging help assess endothelial and stromal health
- Children with cloudy corneas need urgent specialist evaluation
- Protecting the eye from further trauma or dryness is essential
