Colour vision problems arise when the eye’s cone cells or visual pathways do not process colour information normally. They may be inherited or acquired.
Inherited and Acquired Causes
Most lifelong colour deficiencies are inherited and affect red‑green discrimination, particularly in males. Acquired problems can result from optic nerve disease, macular pathology, glaucoma, medications, or toxic exposure.
- Acquired changes often affect one eye more than the other
- Blue‑yellow defects may signal specific retinal or optic nerve disorders
- Certain drugs, including some used for heart or psychiatric conditions, can alter colour perception
- Occupational screening may detect previously unnoticed congenital deficiencies
Implications
Colour vision issues can impact driving, careers, and early detection of eye disease. Professional testing characterises the defect and helps identify underlying causes where present.
- Sudden or progressive colour loss requires urgent eye and medical assessment
- Inherited deficiencies cannot be cured but can be managed with advice and aids
- Monitoring is recommended when using medications known to affect colour vision
- Children with suspected difficulties may need tailored educational support
