A black spot in vision is called a scotoma. It can be small or large, central or off to one side.
Retinal and macular causes
Damage to the light-sensitive retina often produces fixed dark areas. The location depends on which part of the retina is affected.
- Macular degeneration causing central dark or blurred patches
- Macular hole or scar
- Diabetic retinopathy with localised bleeding or swelling
- Branch retinal vein or artery occlusions
Other potential causes
Migraine aura and neurological problems can also create black or shimmering areas. These often move or change over minutes.
- Transient scotomas before or during migraine headaches
- Visual pathway damage from stroke or tumours
- Optic neuritis causing patchy dim areas
- Any new persistent black spot should be assessed promptly
