Retinal vein occlusion occurs when a vein draining the retina becomes blocked. Symptoms vary with severity and location.
Central versus branch vein occlusion
Central occlusion affects the whole retina, while branch occlusion involves a smaller section. Both can reduce vision suddenly or over hours.
- Blurred or distorted central vision
- Patchy missing areas in the visual field
- Sometimes discovered on routine examination with few symptoms
- Usually painless, which can delay seeking help
Associated features and risk factors
Swelling at the macula and fragile new vessels may later develop. Cardiovascular health strongly influences risk.
- Linked with high blood pressure, diabetes, and raised cholesterol
- Some patients notice floaters from retinal bleeding
- Eye injections and laser may be needed to protect vision
- Medical evaluation for stroke and heart risk is recommended
