Punctal occlusion is a procedure that partially or completely blocks the tear drainage openings in the eyelids (puncta) to help retain tears on the eye surface. It is commonly used in managing dry eye disease.
Methods
Small removable plugs made of silicone or dissolving materials can be inserted into the puncta, or in some cases the drainage channel is cauterised to provide a more permanent closure. The aim is to reduce tear outflow without affecting tear production.
- Usually performed in the clinic with topical anaesthetic
- Plugs can be removed or replaced if necessary
- Both upper and lower puncta may be treated depending on severity
- Some patients feel the plugs initially but usually adapt quickly
Benefits and Risks
Punctal occlusion can reduce dryness, improve comfort, and lessen the need for frequent lubricating drops. Possible side effects include watering, local irritation, or rarely infection or displacement of the plug.
- Often considered when standard lubricants alone are insufficient
- Follow‑up visits check plug position and symptom relief
- Inform your clinician if you experience increased discharge or discomfort
- Not suitable for all types of ocular surface disease; specialist assessment is needed
