Ophthalmology is the branch of medicine that focuses on eye health, vision, and related structures. Ophthalmologists are medically trained doctors who diagnose and treat eye diseases, often with surgery.
What ophthalmologists do
They investigate problems ranging from red eyes to complex retinal disease. Their work covers both urgent conditions and planned procedures.
- They examine the front and back of the eye using specialised microscopes.
- They interpret scans and tests such as visual fields and OCT.
- They prescribe medicines, glasses adjustments, and lifestyle advice.
- They perform operations including cataract, laser eye, and retinal surgery.
- They work closely with optometrists, orthoptists, and technicians.
When to see an ophthalmologist
Some symptoms need specialist assessment rather than routine checks. Early input often prevents permanent damage and supports comfortable vision.
- Seek urgent help for sudden vision loss, pain, or flashes and floaters.
- Chronic conditions like glaucoma require regular specialist follow-up.
- Ophthalmologists advise on suitability for procedures such as LASIK or lens surgery.
- They provide ongoing care for medical conditions that affect the eyes.
- Referrals can come from your GP, optometrist, or self-referral in private clinics.
