Retinoscopy is an objective method of estimating refractive error by observing how light moves within the pupil as a streak is swept across the eye. It is especially valuable in children and people who cannot reliably read an eye chart.
Technique
The examiner shines a streak of light into the eye while introducing lenses in front and watches the reflex movement inside the pupil. By neutralising this movement with appropriate lenses, the refractive state is determined.
- Can be performed at working distances such as 50 or 67 centimetres
- Requires subtraction of the working distance lens to obtain final values
- Cycloplegic drops are often used in children to relax accommodation
- Provides information about astigmatism orientation and magnitude
Clinical Use
Retinoscopy guides prescription of glasses, particularly in paediatric practice, amblyopia management, and in patients with limited communication. It also serves as a cross-check against automated or subjective refraction.
- Useful when autorefraction readings are unreliable
- Helps detect media opacities or irregular reflexes suggesting pathology
- Skill improves with practice and careful observation
- Findings are refined with subjective testing where possible
