Fundus photography is the process of taking digital images of the interior surface of the eye, including the retina, macula, blood vessels, and optic nerve head. It provides a permanent visual record of retinal appearance.
Technique
A fundus camera uses specialised optics and light to capture high-resolution images through the pupil. Pupils may be dilated to improve image quality, although some systems can obtain photographs without dilation in selected patients.
- Images can be colour, red-free, or widefield, depending on the device
- Non-contact technique that is generally quick and comfortable
- Photographs can be compared over time to detect subtle changes
- Often combined with other tests such as OCT or angiography
Clinical Applications
Fundus photography is widely used in screening and monitoring for diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, glaucoma, and many other retinal conditions. It supports diagnosis, patient education, and communication between healthcare providers.
- Enables remote grading in screening programmes
- Helps document response to treatments such as laser or injections
- Digital storage allows side-by-side comparison at follow-up visits
- Important for medico-legal documentation of retinal findings
