Corneal cell imaging examines individual cell layers of the cornea, including epithelium, stroma, and endothelium, often using confocal or specular microscopy. It allows assessment of cell density, morphology, and health.
Methods
Specular microscopy focuses on the endothelial layer to measure cell density and shape, while confocal microscopy can image all layers at different depths. Images are analysed for cell size variation, hexagonality, and presence of abnormal structures.
- Non-invasive and performed at the slit lamp or dedicated instruments
- Provides quantitative endothelial counts crucial for surgical planning
- Reveals inflammatory cells, deposits, or scarring in the stroma
- Requires clear corneas and steady fixation
Clinical Role
Corneal cell imaging is important in endothelial dystrophies, transplant monitoring, contact lens-related changes, and evaluation of drug or surgical toxicity. It helps predict risk of corneal decompensation.
- Low endothelial counts may alter cataract or intraocular surgery plans
- Serial imaging monitors graft survival and disease progression
- Cell morphology changes can signal early dysfunction before oedema appears
- Findings complement pachymetry and standard slit-lamp examination
