Tunnel vision describes a pattern of visual field loss where peripheral vision is reduced, leaving relatively preserved central vision. It can occur in eye diseases or neurological conditions that damage the pathways responsible for side vision.
Causes
Common causes of tunnel vision include advanced glaucoma, inherited retinal diseases that affect the peripheral retina, and some neurological disorders. In these situations, sensitivity to light and motion at the edges of the field is reduced, so the world seems as if viewed through a narrow tube.
- Glaucoma can gradually constrict peripheral vision over many years
- Retinal degeneration may first affect night and side vision
- Visual field testing helps document the pattern and severity
- Driving and navigation can be significantly affected as the field narrows
Daily Impact and Support
People with tunnel vision may have difficulty detecting obstacles, crossing roads, or navigating crowded environments because objects appear suddenly from outside their remaining field. Practical strategies focus on scanning, good lighting, and environmental modifications to improve safety.
- Regular eye examinations are important to monitor progression and adjust treatment
- Orientation and mobility training can help maintain independence
- Low vision aids and contrast enhancement may assist with detailed tasks
- Advice on driving eligibility depends on national visual field standards
