Episcleritis is inflammation of the thin layer of tissue lying just above the sclera, causing a localised red or pink area on the white of the eye. It is usually mild and self-limiting, with discomfort rather than severe pain.
Features
Episcleritis often presents with sectoral redness, a gritty sensation, and mild tenderness but typically does not disturb vision. The affected area may appear brighter red than the surrounding tissue, and the condition can recur in episodes.
- More common in young to middle-aged adults
- Symptoms can be unilateral or affect different eyes at different times
- Topical vasoconstrictors may temporarily blanch the superficial vessels
- General health is often otherwise normal, though associations exist
Causes and Course
In many cases the cause of episcleritis is unknown, but it can occasionally be associated with systemic inflammatory conditions. Episodes typically resolve over one to two weeks, and lubricants or mild anti-inflammatory drops are sometimes used to ease symptoms.
- Systemic evaluation may be considered if episodes are frequent or atypical
- The condition rarely leads to permanent eye damage
- Important to distinguish from scleritis, which is more painful and serious
- Follow-up ensures that inflammation settles as expected
