Congenital stationary night blindness is an inherited retinal condition present from birth or early infancy that impairs night vision but typically does not progress significantly over time. Rod function is abnormal, while daytime vision may be relatively preserved.
Features
Affected individuals often report poor seeing in dim light or difficulty adjusting when moving from bright to dark environments. Nystagmus, reduced visual acuity, or refractive errors can also be present, depending on the specific genetic type.
- Symptoms are usually lifelong but non-progressive
- Several genetic subtypes exist, with X-linked and autosomal patterns
- Electroretinography shows characteristic rod system abnormalities
- Fundus appearance can be normal or show subtle changes
Management
There is no cure for the underlying defect, so management focuses on practical adaptations and visual support. Good lighting, contrast enhancement, and mobility training in low light can be helpful.
- Genetic counselling explains inheritance patterns and family risks
- Educational adjustments may be needed for affected children
- Regular eye checks monitor for associated refractive or ocular issues
- People are often advised to avoid tasks that rely heavily on night vision, such as unlit outdoor travel
