Cone dystrophy is a group of inherited retinal disorders in which cone photoreceptors, responsible for central and colour vision, gradually lose function. Rod cells may be less affected, especially in early stages.
Symptoms and Signs
People with cone dystrophy often notice reduced central vision, difficulties with reading, sensitivity to light, and problems distinguishing colours. Symptoms may begin in childhood or early adult life and progress over time.
- Central scotomas and reduced visual acuity are common findings
- Photophobia can be prominent, with vision worse in bright light
- Colour vision tests frequently show abnormalities
- Fundus changes may range from subtle to marked macular atrophy
Course and Management
The condition is usually progressive and lifelong. Management focuses on optimising remaining vision and providing practical support.
- Genetic testing can help clarify the specific subtype and inheritance pattern
- Low vision aids, filters, and electronic magnification assist with daily tasks
- Regular follow-up monitors for associated complications such as nystagmus or additional retinal changes
- Family members may be offered counselling regarding recurrence risks
