A cataract is a clouding of the eye’s natural lens that scatters light and gradually reduces vision. It is very common with ageing but can also result from other medical or eye conditions.
How Cataracts Form
Over time, changes in lens proteins and water content cause the lens to become less transparent. This process is usually slow and painless.
- Age-related cataract is the most frequent type
- Other causes include diabetes, long-term steroid use, and trauma
- Some cataracts are present from birth or develop in childhood
Effect on Vision
People with cataracts often notice blurred or hazy vision, faded colours, increased glare, and difficulty driving at night. Glasses changes may help for a while but cannot reverse the lens opacity.
Treatment
The only definitive treatment is cataract surgery, in which the cloudy lens is removed and replaced with a clear intraocular lens. Timing depends on how much the cataract interferes with daily life.
