Retinopathy of prematurity ROP is an abnormal development of retinal blood vessels in premature infants. Severe cases can lead to retinal detachment and blindness.
Risk factors and screening
ROP is linked to low birth weight, early gestation, and oxygen exposure.
- Highest risk in very premature or very low-birth-weight babies
- Routine retinal screening in neonatal units from a few weeks after birth
- Staging based on vessel changes, location, and presence of plus disease
- Most mild ROP regresses without treatment
Treatment
Intervention is recommended for sight-threatening stages.
- Laser photocoagulation or intravitreal anti-VEGF injections to stop abnormal growth
- Vitrectomy or scleral buckling surgery for retinal detachment
- Long-term follow-up for refractive errors, amblyopia, and strabismus
- Close coordination between paediatric, neonatal, and ophthalmic teams
