Retinal vein occlusion is a blockage of the retinal venous system, leading to haemorrhages, swelling, and reduced vision. It is the second most common retinal vascular disease after diabetic retinopathy.
Types and risk factors
Location of the blockage affects presentation.
- Central retinal vein occlusion CRVO versus branch retinal vein occlusion BRVO
- Risk factors include hypertension, diabetes, glaucoma, and cardiovascular disease
- Sudden, painless visual loss or blur in the affected eye
- OCT shows macular oedema; fluorescein angiography assesses perfusion
Treatment
Therapy targets macular oedema and neovascular complications.
- Intravitreal anti-VEGF injections are first-line for macular oedema
- Intravitreal steroids in selected cases
- Laser photocoagulation for ischaemic areas or neovascularisation
- Management of systemic vascular risk factors with the GP or physician
