Retinal artery occlusions occur when blood flow through a retinal artery is suddenly blocked. This causes painless, often severe loss of vision and is treated as a stroke of the eye.
Causes and urgency
The blockage often comes from a cholesterol plaque or clot travelling from elsewhere. Because retinal tissue is very sensitive, immediate assessment is crucial.
- Central artery occlusion causes sudden, profound vision loss in one eye.
- Branch occlusions affect only part of the visual field.
- Risk factors include high blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, and carotid disease.
- Prompt referral to stroke or medical teams is essential.
- Investigations look for heart and vessel sources of emboli.
Aftercare and prevention
Visual recovery is often limited, so preventing further events is the main goal. Care focuses on cardiovascular health and close monitoring.
- Blood pressure, cholesterol, and diabetes control reduce future risk.
- Blood-thinning medication may be recommended.
- Smoking cessation is strongly advised.
- Low-vision aids help maximise remaining sight.
- Urgent help is again needed for any new sudden visual loss.
