A pterygium is a wedge-shaped growth of tissue on the white of the eye that can extend onto the cornea. It is usually non-cancerous but may cause irritation or affect vision if it grows large.
Causes and symptoms
Pterygia are strongly linked with long-term exposure to sunlight, wind, and dust. They are more common in people who spend much time outdoors.
- Symptoms include redness, grittiness, and a visible fleshy patch.
- Dry eye often makes discomfort worse.
- Large pterygia can distort the cornea and blur vision.
- Both eyes may be affected, sometimes to different degrees.
- Regular checks monitor growth towards the central cornea.
Treatment and prevention
Mild cases are managed with lubrication and protection. Surgery is considered when symptoms persist or vision is threatened.
- Artificial tears and sunglasses reduce irritation from dryness and UV.
- Wide-brimmed hats and wraparound glasses help prevent progression.
- Surgical removal with grafting lowers recurrence risk.
- Smoking cessation and eye protection support healing after surgery.
- Seek advice if the growth increases or causes persistent discomfort.
